HTML and CSS interview question and answers

HTML & CSS Interview Questions and Answers

Introduction

Preparing for a frontend or web designing interview?  This guide covers latest html and css interview questions and answers to help you succeed.

Table of Contents

HTML Basics

Here’s a list of the frequently asked questions with answers on the technical concept which you can expect to face during an interview.

1)What is HTML?

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.

2)What is a tag in HTML?

A tag is a keyword enclosed in angle brackets, like <tag>. Tags usually come in pairs, with an opening tag and a closing tag (e.g., <p> and </p>). 

Basic HTML tags for frontend interview

3)What is the purpose of the tag in HTML?

The <head> tag contains meta-information about the document, such as the title, links to stylesheets, and meta tags.

4)What is the tag used for?

The <body> tag contains the content of an HTML document, such as text, images, links, and other media.

Body tag in HTML example

5)What is an HTML attribute?

An attribute provides additional information about an element and is always included in the opening tag. Examples include href for <a> and src for <img>.

Element in HTML with its attribute, opening tag and closing tag

6)What is semantic HTML?

Semantic HTML uses HTML5 elements that clearly describe their meaning and purpose, such as <article>, <section>, <header>, and <footer>.

Semantic HTML interview question and answer

7)What is the purpose of the
tag in HTML?

The <div> tag is a block-level container used to group other elements for styling or scripting purposes.

8)How do you insert an image in an HTML page?

You insert an image using the <img> tag with the src attribute. Example: 

				
					<img data-lazyloaded="1" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAMPDwwAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=" decoding="async" data-src="image.jpg" alt="Description">
				
			

9)What is the difference between <ul> and <ol> tags?

<ul> defines an unordered list (bulleted list), while <ol> defines an ordered list (numbered list).

10)How do you create a table in HTML?

You create a table using the <table> tag along with <tr> for table rows, <th> for table headers, and <td> for table data cells. Example :

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Simple HTML Table</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h1>Simple HTML Table</h1>

    <table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>Name</th>
            <th>Age</th>
            <th>City</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Alice</td>
            <td>28</td>
            <td>New York</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Bob</td>
            <td>34</td>
            <td>Los Angeles</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Charlie</td>
            <td>25</td>
            <td>Chicago</td>
        </tr>
    </table> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

				
			

11)How do you make a form in HTML?

You create a form using the <form> tag, with nested input elements like <input>, <textarea>, <button>, etc. Example: 

				
					<form action="submit.php" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="name">
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>.
				
			

HTML Advanced Topics

12)What is the difference between <iframe> and <embed> tags?

<iframe> is used to embed another HTML page within the current page, while <embed> is used to embed external content like multimedia.

Difference between <iframe> and <embed> tags
Feature<iframe><embed>
PurposeUsed to embed another HTML page within the current page.Used to embed external content such as multimedia (videos, audio) within the page.
HTML5 SupportSupported in HTML5.Supported in HTML5.
AttributesAllows attributes like width, height, src, name, etc.Allows attributes like src, type, width, height, etc.
ContentCan contain interactive content and supports user interaction.Embeds content directly without user interaction.
Use CaseIdeal for embedding web pages or content that requires interaction.Ideal for embedding media like videos, music, or Flash content.

CSS Basics

13)What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is used to style and layout web pages.

14)How do you include CSS in an HTML document?

CSS can be included using an external stylesheet (<link> tag), an internal stylesheet (<style> tag), or inline styles (style attribute).

  • External CSS : Styles are defined in a separate .css file linked to the HTML document via the <link> tag.
				
					

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>External Stylesheet Example</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
    <p>This is an example of using an external stylesheet.</p> <script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>

				
			
				
					/* styles.css */

h1 {
    color: blue;
}

p {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: green;
}

				
			
  • Internal CSS : Styles are defined within the <style> tag inside the <head> section of an HTML document.
				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Internal Stylesheet Example</title><style>h1 {
            color: red;
        }

        p {
            font-size: 18px;
            color: purple;
        }</style></head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
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  • Inline CSS : Styles are applied directly to an HTML element using the style attribute.
				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Inline Styles Example</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 style="color: orange;">Hello, World!</h1>
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</html>
				
			

15)What is the purpose of the class attribute in HTML and CSS?

The class attribute is used to apply CSS styles to multiple elements with the same class name.

16)What are CSS selectors?

CSS selectors are patterns used to select and style HTML elements. Examples include element selectors, class selectors, and ID selectors.

CSS Layout and Positioning

17)What is the CSS Box Model?

The CSS Box Model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements, consisting of margins, borders, padding, and the content area.

CSS Box Model illustration

18)How do you create a flexbox layout in CSS?

You create a flexbox layout by setting the display property to flex on a container element and using various flex properties on child elements.

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Flexbox Layout Example</title><style>.container {
            display: flex; /* Defines a flex container */
            flex-direction: row; /* Aligns children in a row (default) */
            justify-content: space-around; /* Distributes space evenly around children */
            align-items: center; /* Centers children vertically */
            height: 200px;
            border: 2px solid #ccc;
            background-color: #f9f9f9;
        }

        .item {
            background-color: #4CAF50;
            color: white;
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 10px;
            border-radius: 5px;
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        <div class="item">Item 1</div>
        <div class="item">Item 2</div>
        <div class="item">Item 3</div>
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19)How do you create a responsive design in CSS?

You create a responsive design by using media queries, flexible grid layouts, and relative units like percentages or em/rem.

Responsiveness in CSS example

20)What is the difference between inline and inline-block display properties in CSS?

Inline elements do not start on a new line and do not accept width and height, while inline-block elements do not start on a new line but accept width and height.

21)What is the CSS Grid Layout?

CSS Grid Layout is a two-dimensional layout system that allows you to create complex grid-based layouts using rows and columns.

22)How do you use the position property in CSS?

The position property specifies the positioning method for an element (static, relative, absolute, fixed, or sticky).

				
					<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>CSS Position Property Example</title><style>.static-box {
            position: static; /* Default position; follows the normal flow of the document */
            background-color: lightblue;
            padding: 10px;
            margin: 10px;
        }

        .relative-box {
            position: relative; /* Positioned relative to its normal position */
            top: 10px;
            left: 20px;
            background-color: lightgreen;
            padding: 10px;
            margin: 10px;
        }

        .absolute-box {
            position: absolute; /* Positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor */
            top: 50px;
            left: 100px;
            background-color: lightcoral;
            padding: 10px;
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        .fixed-box {
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            right: 10px;
            background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow;
            padding: 10px;
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        .sticky-box {
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            top: 0;
            background-color: lightpink;
            padding: 10px;
            margin: 10px;
        }

        .container {
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            height: 200px;
            border: 2px solid #ccc;
            margin-bottom: 50px;
        }</style></head>
<body>

    <div class="static-box">Static Position</div>

    <div class="relative-box">Relative Position</div>

    <div class="container">
        <div class="absolute-box">Absolute Position</div>
    </div>

    <div class="fixed-box">Fixed Position</div>

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CSS Styling and Animations

23)How do you apply a style to a specific HTML element using CSS?

You use a selector to target the element and apply styles within curly braces. Example: p { color: red; }

24)What is a CSS pseudo-class?

A pseudo-class is a keyword added to selectors that specifies a special state of the selected elements,

25)How do you create animations in CSS?

You create animations using the @keyframes rule and applying the animation properties like animation-name and animation-duration to elements

26)How do you create a CSS transition?

You create a transition by specifying the transition property with the duration, property, and timing function. Example: 

				
					transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
				
			

CSS Advanced Topics

27)What are CSS preprocessors, and why would you use them?

CSS preprocessors, like Sass or LESS, allow you to write CSS in a more dynamic way using variables, nesting, and mixins. They are used to simplify and enhance CSS code management.

CSS Preprocessors

28)What is a CSS variable?

A CSS variable is a custom property that can be reused throughout a document, defined using the — prefix and accessed using the var() function.

29)How do you use the calc() function in CSS?

The calc() function performs calculations to determine CSS property values. Example: 

				
					width: calc(100% - 20px);
				
			

30)What is the z-index property in CSS?

The z-index property specifies the stack order of elements. Higher z-index values are displayed in front of lower values.

31)How do you make a website mobile-friendly using CSS?

To make a website mobile-friendly, use responsive design techniques such as media queries, flexible grid layouts, and ensuring touch-friendly elements.

CSS Box Model and Units

32)What are the ::before and ::after pseudo-elements in CSS?

::before and ::after pseudo-elements are used to insert content before or after the element.

Difference between ::before and ::after pseudo-elements
Feature::before::after
Insertion PointContent is inserted before the content of the element.Content is inserted after the content of the element.
Common Use CasesUsed for adding decorative content or icons before the actual content, such as icons or quotes.Used for adding decorative content or elements after the actual content, such as badges or additional text.
Styling ContentContent is styled before the main content is rendered, which can affect layout and spacing.Content is styled after the main content is rendered, typically used for additional decorative elements.
Content GenerationContent is generated before the actual content, using the `content` property.Content is generated after the actual content, using the `content` property.
Common CSS Properties`content`, `position`, `display`, `margin`, `padding`, etc.`content`, `position`, `display`, `margin`, `padding`, etc.

CSS Box Model and Units

33)What is the difference between padding and margin in CSS?

Padding is the space inside the element’s border, while margin is the space outside the element’s border.

34)What is the difference between em and rem units in CSS?

Em units are relative to the font size of the parent element, while rem units are relative to the root element’s font size.

35)What is the purpose of the box-sizing property in CSS?

The box-sizing property defines how the width and height of an element are calculated, either including (border-box) or excluding (content-box) padding and borders.

36)How do you center an element horizontally and vertically in CSS?

Centering can be achieved using various methods, such as flexbox 

				
					display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center;
				
			

or absolute positioning with transforms.

				
					position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%);